Our Millers and The Reverend William Traill - Part 1

The following is an article about Reverend William Trail (aka Traill). We learned about William Traill in a previous post (dated May 29, 2011, entitled, “Were William Miller’s Ancestors Covenanters?”) and are certain that, while the Reverend is not an ancestor of ours, yet the lives of our Miller ancestors seem to be inexorably tied to his. To understand this connection more clearly, it will be helpful to first learn more about the life of Reverend William Traill, [bold added].

Map of Ballindrait and Lifford, County Donegal, Ireland

http://www.mdgenweb.org/somerset/history/scotch-irish.htm

From Lifford to the Chesapeake - The Advent of the Scotch-Irish in America

By John F. Polk, Ph.D.

“Most noteworthy in our present context were the tribulations of Reverend  William  Trail  (Traile) [or more commonly spelled - Traill], one of the individuals mentioned in the Presbytery record just cited and, as it turns out, a central figure in the initial Ulster-Scot exodus to Maryland. Trail was a scion of a prominent Scottish family whose father, Robert Trail, was himself a Presbyterian minister, while his uncle, Lt Col James Trail, was a highly esteemed officer in Cromwell’s army with a landed estate in Killeleagh, County Down [Ireland].  These two were on opposite sides of the conflict when Cromwell invaded Scotland and Reverend Trail became Cromwell’s prisoner for a while, but this did not prevent William Trail from uniting in marriage some years later with Lt. Col Trail’s daughter, Eleanor. He studied for the ministry at Edinburgh until 1661 and was licensed but could not be ordained because of the oppressive conditions prevailing in Scotland at the time. In fact, his father, Reverend Robert Trail, was tried and banished from Scotland, for life, at exactly this time for refusing to take the Oath of Allegiance. He departed his country for Holland in January, 1662, nearly sixty years of age.

“William Trail moved to Ireland and was finally ordained in 1673 at Lifford. He served as minister in Ballindrait [Count Donegal, Ireland] until his departure for America a decade later, with or just after Makemie [a fellow Presbyterian minister]. His decision to leave was probably the direct result of events that unfolded during 1681-82. First Trail was charged with fomenting opposition among certain officers being confined in Lifford, [County Donegal, Ireland] and inducing them to refuse the Oath of Supremacy, to which the Presbyterians could not subscribe. Then he and several other ministers issued a call for a one day fast in February 1681. This may seem a rather innocuous act in our times but it was regarded by local officials as an affront and challenge to their authority. Only high officials of the established church were considered to be empowered to call a fast. Trail and three other ministers were brought before the magistrates in Raphoe to explain themselves, but the decision was postponed, and instead they were summoned to Dublin in June 1681 for an interrogation by the Lord Lieutenant and his Privy Council. This was a legalistic grilling that lasted two days. Trail’s own detailed account of the ordeal has survived and is an intriguing glimpse into the temper of those times. The picture of him that emerges is a skilled dialectician, well-able to engage with his lofty interlocutors on their own terms, and wholly uncowed by the situation. The four ministers were released on bond and returned to Lifford for trial where they were convicted and fined £20 each. They refused to pay what they considered an illegal charge, and were therefore held in prison for eight months until spring of 1682.

“These events were highly resented by Trail’s followers in Lifford, and no doubt throughout the entire Presbyterian community in Ulster, and gave them every reason to see their future prospects as very bleak. The embattled psyche which these people had developed since first settling there was tightened another notch, and it was during this period that Trail made his decision to embark for the colonies along with Makemie. It was in spring of 1683 that Trail left Ireland for Maryland.”

It might be of interest to some of you to read the entire text or this article at the link above. You will see that this is a very well-researched paper. 

***In our next post, we will discover how and when the lives of our Miller ancestors intersect with that of Reverend William Traill.***

For you history buffs, go to the link below to read the story of William Traill’s famous father, Reverend Robert Traill, including his dealings with Charles II and Oliver Cromwell. Scroll down to the first picture to read about Robert: http://www.electricscotland.com/webclans/stoz/traills3.htm

The following is an article about Reverend William Trail (aka Traill). We learned about William in a previous post (dated May 29, 2011, entitled, “Were William Miller’s Ancestors Covenanters?”) and are certain that, while the Reverend is not an ancestor of ours, yet our Miller ancestors’ lives were inexorably tied to his. To understand this connection more clearly, it will be helpful to first learn about the life of Reverend William Traill, [bold added].

Map of Ballindrait and Lifford, County Donegal, Ireland

http://www.mdgenweb.org/somerset/history/scotch-irish.htm

From Lifford to the Chesapeake - The Advent of the Scotch-Irish in America

By John F. Polk, Ph.D.

“Most noteworthy in our present context were the tribulations of Reverend  William  Trail  (Traile) [or more commonly spelled - Traill], one of the individuals mentioned in the Presbytery record just cited and, as it turns out, a central figure in the initial Ulster-Scot exodus to Maryland. Trail was a scion of a prominent Scottish family whose father, Robert Trail, was himself a Presbyterian minister, while his uncle, Lt Col James Trail, was a highly esteemed officer in Cromwell’s army with a landed estate in Killeleagh, County Down [Ireland].  These two were on opposite sides of the conflict when Cromwell invaded Scotland and Reverend Trail became Cromwell’s prisoner for a while, but this did not prevent William Trail from uniting in marriage some years later with Lt. Col Trail’s daughter, Eleanor. He studied for the ministry at Edinburgh until 1661 and was licensed but could not be ordained because of the oppressive conditions prevailing in Scotland at the time. In fact, his father, Reverend Robert Trail, was tried and banished from Scotland, for life, at exactly this time for refusing to take the Oath of Allegiance. He departed his country for Holland in January, 1662, nearly sixty years of age.

“William Trail moved to Ireland and was finally ordained in 1673 at Lifford. He served as minister in Ballindrait [Count Donegal, Ireland] until his departure for America a decade later, with or just after Makemie [a fellow Presbyterian minister]. His decision to leave was probably the direct result of events that unfolded during 1681-82. First Trail was charged with fomenting opposition among certain officers being confined in Lifford, [County Donegal, Ireland] and inducing them to refuse the Oath of Supremacy, to which the Presbyterians could not subscribe. Then he and several other ministers issued a call for a one day fast in February 1681. This may seem a rather innocuous act in our times but it was regarded by local officials as an affront and challenge to their authority. Only high officials of the established church were considered to be empowered to call a fast. Trail and three other ministers were brought before the magistrates in Raphoe to explain themselves, but the decision was postponed, and instead they were summoned to Dublin in June 1681 for an interrogation by the Lord Lieutenant and his Privy Council. This was a legalistic grilling that lasted two days. Trail’s own detailed account of the ordeal has survived and is an intriguing glimpse into the temper of those times. The picture of him that emerges is a skilled dialectician, well-able to engage with his lofty interlocutors on their own terms, and wholly uncowed by the situation. The four ministers were released on bond and returned to Lifford for trial where they were convicted and fined £20 each. They refused to pay what they considered an illegal charge, and were therefore held in prison for eight months until spring of 1682.

“These events were highly resented by Trail’s followers in Lifford, and no doubt throughout the entire Presbyterian community in Ulster, and gave them every reason to see their future prospects as very bleak. The embattled psyche which these people had developed since first settling there was tightened another notch, and it was during this period that Trail made his decision to embark for the colonies along with Makemie. It was in spring of 1683 that Trail left Ireland for Maryland.”

It might be of interest to some of you to read the entire text or this article at the link above. You will see that this is a very well-researched paper. 

In our next post, we will discover how and when the lives of our Miller ancestors intersect with that of Reverend William Traill.

For you history buffs, go to the link below to read the story of William Traill’s famous father, Reverend Robert Traill, including his dealings with Charles II and Oliver Cromwell: http://www.electricscotland.com/webclans/stoz/traills3.htm

RED LION SAM

Upon examining previous posts about Rebecca Miller’s father, Samuel Bradford, I am convinced that he was of Scots-Irish origin, he being from Northern Ireland and his ancestors from Scotland.

But our Miller-Bradford line is ever challenging and never easy. As you know, also from previous posts, not only was Rebecca’s husband named Samuel Miller, but her maternal grandfather was also Samuel Bradford, although “not related” to her husband's line according to the Allen Family Record, one of our “old stand-by” research documents written by a grandson of Rebecca, George Washington Allen.

We have affectionately dubbed Rebecca's grandfather “Red Lion Sam” as historical records prove that he lived in Red Lion Hundred [listed as Lyon in his will], New Castle County, Delaware. This dear great great….grandfather of ours has proved the most elusive of all. I have found absolutely nothing to indicate his origins or ancestry.

All we really know about him is from his will. He died April 30, 1767, leaving property to his wife, Margret, his son William, and his two daughters, Martha and Sarah [Rebecca’s mother], as well as his young grandson by William who is also named Samuel Bradford (oh yes, you observant ones – this means that Rebecca’s husband, grandfather and cousin were all named Samuel Bradford!!].

Red Lion Sam is mentioned in a few land records (see previous posts using the search term “Dragon Swamp”), but again, these provide absolutely no clue to his origins.

Also, neither Red Lion Sam, his son William, nor his grandson Samuel are identified in the Bradford DNA project mentioned in our last post.

Old Drawyer's Church (photo by Dave Table, Panoramio)

A very small clue indicates that he might be of Scotts-Irish ancestry--his son William and grandson Samuel (mentioned above in connection with the will) are buried in the Old Drawyer’s Church in New Castle County, which during their era was a Presbyterian Church (the denomination of Scots-Irish congregations in America).

Others and I have researched New Castle County, Delaware and other records extensively. We have found a lot of information on Samuel’s relatives, but again, absolutely nothing to indicate his parentage or ancestry.

RESEARCH CHALLENGE: Please help us in the search for Red Lion Sam!! It will be a grand day when we discover the birth date, birthplace, parentage and ancestry of this man. If any of you are on Ancestry, you will be able to access documents that I cannot. Perhaps a concentrated effort by all the descendants of Red Lion Sam may eventually lead to a “gold mine” of information about this elusive ancestor.

THE BRADFORD DNA PROJECT

Lanark, Scotland

DNA testing in genealogy is a fairly new and exciting way to trace your ancestry. In our decades-long hunt to trace the origins of our Bradford ancestors, a DNA study I found sheds much light on our history!


Go to: http://delmarvabradfords.com/dna/results.php. You may first note that the green section includes ancestors and descendants of Gov. Bradford of Plymouth. Sadly, I don’t see any indication that either of our Bradford’s (Rebecca’s father, Samuel Bradford, or Rebecca’s maternal grandfather, Samuel Bradford) fall into any of these categories.


However, it is exciting to see that we are represented in the blue section. If you scan down to near the bottom of that section, you will see two entries for the same man: William Bradford, born in 1770 in Cecil County, Maryland. This is our Rebecca Bradford’s brother! So it looks like allied lines trace back to Lanark, Scotland. This area is approximately 25 miles SE of Glasgow, in the lowlands of Scotland.


This “tracks” well with what we know of Rebecca’s father. He and his brother, James, came from Northern Ireland, but history teaches us that the Ulster Plantations were populated mainly with the lowlanders of Scotland.


This also fits well with what my grandfather always said. He claimed his Bradford’s were originally “from Glasgow.” With Lanark being only 25 miles away, that does not seem an unreasonable claim.


More research into primary records is needed, of course, but if I were a betting person, I would put money on Lanark, Scotland as our Bradford ancestors 'original homeland.

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

Note: Sadly, it seems that a direct male descendant of our other Samuel Bradford, Rebecca’s maternal grandfather, did not participate in the study. So the origins of our “Red Lion Sam” from New Castle County, Delaware remain a mystery. Let’s hope this mystery is solved soon!

Lanark Today

NOTE: You may comment below, or email me at miller.and.bradford@gmail.com